Chemistry
SN1 mechanism
This mechanism is seen in Nucleophillic Substitution reactions, especially in those compounds in which the Carbon atom is more substituted . The rate of this mechanism depends on the step 1 where the leaving group leave with electron pair and leaves behind a carbocation. The whole rate depends only on one molecule. That’s why it
Why sky appears blue in colour ?
The particles of atmosphere which are of colloidal size can easily scatter the blue component of the light. The wavelength of blue light allows its scattering easily. That’s why it appears blue in colour. Why sky appears blue in colour ?
What is an SN2 mechanism? What is its importance?
This is a type of reaction mechanism that is seen in case of nucleophillic substitution reactions. It is BIMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILLIC SUBSTITUTION mechanism. In this kind of mechanism two molecules decide the rate of reaction, so it is BIMOLECULAR mechanism. The whole mechanism proceeds through a single step. That concerted step involves the bond breaking and
Why Bond angle in PH4+ is higher than in PH3 ?
In case of both molecules the hybridization of P is sp³ but there is a difference. In case of PH3 we have a lone pair present on the phosphorus atom. This lone pair pushes the bond pairs downwards due to lone pair-bond pair repulsions which decreases the bond angle in P-H-P atoms, as shown below.
How NH3 react with solution of Cu²+ ?
NH3 gives deep blue colored mine complex compound on reacting with Cu²+.
What are fuel cells?
This is a very new concept in the field of energy . The conventional energy generators were having a maximum efficiency of approximately 52%. Which is very low . Most of the energy in that system was dissipated in the form of heat lost to the surroundings and in overcoming the frictional forces of the
What dissolves faster in water, salt or sugar?
For this we have to understand that the nature of water is polar. And salt is an ionic compound which is also polar in nature. But sugar is non polar in nature and thus it have a different nature. The dissolution of substances follow a simple rule ,”Like dissolves like.” So salt will dissolve faster
Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law. Give reason for such deviation.
non ideal solutions show positive and negative deviations on the basis of intramolecular attractions
When the value of Van’t Hoff factor is more than one , and when it is less than one ?
When the molecules of solute undergo dissociation in the solution , the Van’t Hoff factor is more than one. When the molecules of solute undergoes association , the van’t Hoff factor is less than one
What is the effect of temperature on Molarity and Molality ?
Molarity : It decreases with increase in temperature. Molality : It remains constant . Doesn’t change.
What is the number of electrons that an atom can give to or accept from another atom in a chemical reaction?
The maximum number of electrons that can be donated or accepted is 3. The bond formed by the transfer of electrons is ionic bond. Beyond this the sharing of electrons will take place. And the type of bond will be covalent.
Why is chlorine electron withdrawing?
Chlorine being the 2nd member of group 17 elements also known as the halogens have a strong electron affinity. And due to its high electronegativity and electron gain enthalpy ,it shows electron withdrawing nature. We can refer to the following post to get in depth knowledge of the concept. Why the electron affinity or electron
In carbon disulfide, how many lone pairs of electrons are on each sulfur atom?
diagram of lone pairs of CS2
In a double covalent bond, how many total electrons are being shared?
In a single covalent bond , two electrons are shared , one from each of the atoms taking part in bond formation. So here in case of double bond we have four electrons . In case double bond we have a sigma bond and a pie bond .
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An Unknown Statement
Leave me, I do not mean at all. I wish you look at the expressions Requesting not to leave. Try to listen the noise, Which screams louder Louder than the silence. Try to look behind Behind every smile Drop by drop my heart is Sinking. Feel the heaviness Heaviness of my breath As I ,
His phone is off…..
We used to walk, And long talks, While eating, Or while having a drink. Whenever he asked any work, I used to wink. My mother’s father, Was a nice friend of mine. We used to spend Great time. We watched movies together, Long discussions about the actors. But long ago he passed, His phone is
Organic inter-conversions , Propene to 1-nitropropane,ethane to bromoethane, ethanol to but-1-yne, Propene to propyne, toluene to benzyl alcohol.
Organic inter-conversions , Propene to 1-nitropropane,ethane to bromoethane, ethanol to but-1-yne, Propene to propyne, toluene to benzyl alcohol.
What are isoelectric species? And What determines the difference in the size of atoms or ions if they are isoelectronic ?
Isoelectric species are simply the atoms or ions that have same number of electrons. For example:- Na+ , Ne , F- , O²- , Mg²+ And their size depends upon the effective nuclear charge , in case of cations the number of protons is higher than that of electrons thus their size is smaller than
Why aeroplane leaves behind white trail in winters or cool weather ?
Hi guys today we are going to talk about the white trail formation during the winter, when an aeroplane flies. Picture credits unsplash.com To understand this phenomenon we must be aware of the combustion process taking place at the time of working of engine. During the combustion process, carbondioxide and water vapours are the major
Its never too late
We can if we wish, Returning is never so tough, It’s not mandatory, But it’s a choice, You can say openly, Who suppress your voice, And decision you make, Are not of iron, or steel, You can break them whenever you feel, And life is not a movie, Where you can rewind the reel, The
Ozone (O3) is a powerful oxidising agent ?
ozone is a powerful oxidising agent as it gives nascent oxygen atoms on heating . nascent oxygen readily reacts with anything to oxidise it. O3 → O2 + O contribute here to make this site more informative
Oxygen is a gas while sulphur is a solid ?
The catenation power of sulphur is higher than oxygen, due to this it exists as S8 molecule. and this molecule have strong intermolecular attractions. but on the other hand oxygen exists as O2 molecule, and this molecule being smaller in size has very less intermolecular attractions. and thus oxygen exists as gas and sulphur as
Lycian tombs carved in the rock, Fethiye, Turkey
Lycian tombs carved in the rock, Fethiye, Turkey Lycian tombs carved in the rock, Fethiye, Turkey
Reimer-Tiemann Reaction.
It is the reaction that leads to the production of aromatic aldehydes mostly the ortho substituted ones. It is a reaction that yields orthohydroxy (major product) and para hydroxy (minor product). It basically a reaction between phenol and chloroform in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. contribute to help us serve you better.
Stobbe reaction and its Mechanism
It is a type of condensation reaction that involves the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with succinic ester in the presence of sodium ethoxide or Potassium ethoxide to yield unsaturated ester acid . The complete reaction is as below. The mechanism involves 3 steps , and firstly the succinate is treated with base to
What is Hardy-Schulze rule ?
Hardy-Schulze rule It has two postulates (i) The ions which carry charge opposite to the particles of sol are more effective in causing the coagulation of the solution. (ii) Coagulating power of an electrolyte is directly proportional to the fourth power of the valency of the ions causing coagulation.
Why there’s no repulsion between electron in a coordinate bond?
The coordinate bond is formed by the overlapping of d-orbital of Central metal atom and the ligands. The d-orbitals are enough large that there is not any chance of repulsion between the resulting bond formation between the ligand and the metal atom. Thus there isn’t any repulsion.
What happens when gelatin is added to gold solution ??
On addition of gelatin , the gold solution starts behaving like a lyophilic colloid . Otherwise the gold solution is lyophillic colliod.
Why lyophobic colloidal solutions are easily coagulated ?
Lyos – solution, phobic – hating(fear) Firstly in this case we have to understand that the lyophobic colloids are those in which the dispersed phase do not have affinity for the dispersion medium. So if we add any suitable electrolyte in it , the colloidal solution easily gets coagulated.
Why aeroplane leaves behind white trail in winters or cool weather ?
Hi guys today we are going to talk about the white trail formation during the winter, when an aeroplane flies. To understand this phenomenon we must be aware of the combustion process taking place at the time of working of engine. During the combustion process, carbondioxide and water vapours are the major products. The water
What are Multimolecular and Macromolecular colloids?
Multimolecular colloids are formed when the molecules of dispersed phase aggregate to make a molecule which is having the size between 1nm to 1000nm. The point to note here is , the particles of colloidal solution were of molecular size which joined to make Multimolecular system. Macromolecular colloids are the substances in which the size
Why sky appears blue in colour ?
The particles of atmosphere which are of colloidal size can easily scatter the blue component of the light. The wavelength of blue light allows its scattering easily. That’s why it appears blue in colour.
What is the shielding effect? How does it affect the size of an element?
The shielding effect , is seen when the electrons of inner shells shield the outer shell electrons from the nuclear charge. And this decreases the effective nuclear charge for the outer shell electrons. And hence they are less attracted towards the nucleus. This happens because of the higher penitration of the inner shell electrons. The
What are isoelectric species? And What determines the difference in the size of atoms or ions if they are isoelectronic ?
the atoms having same number of electrons, irrespective of atomic number or size or charge.
Why does copper turns green on exposure to air ?
This happens because of corrosion of copper , as the copper is exposed to air it reacts slowly with water from the moisture present in air, carbondioxide and oxygen. And the product formed is a mixture of copper hydroxide and copper carbonate as shown below.
How many lone pairs of electrons are on the S atom in sulphur tetra floride (SF4) ?
In case of SF4 there are 6 electrons in the outermost shell of Sulphur, out of these 6 electrons, 4 are utilized in bonding with fluorine and thus two unshared electrons are there. Which leads to the lone pair as shown below. Contribute to make this site more informative.
Which isomer is more steam volatile ortho nitrophenol or para nitrophenol ?
Ortho isomer shows intramolecular hydrogen bonding , in which the H-bonding takes place in a single molecule not with the adjacent molecule. And in that case the molecules exists as discrete molecules or particles only because they are not attached or attracted by each other. Thus their boiling point decreases and they are volatile. But
Which of the following has the largest number of atoms (A. 1g of H2 B. 1g of O2 C. 1g of N2 D. 1g of F2)?
2g of H2 = 1mole = 6.022 x 10²³molecules So 1 g of H2 will have = 1/2 mole = 6.022 x 10²³ / 2molecules Number of atoms in hydrogen molecule = 2 Number of atoms in 1 g of H2 = 3.011 x 10²³ 32 g of O2 = 1 mole = 6.022 x
Why is Krypton larger in size than bromine,even if atomic radius decreases while going from left to right across a period?
the atomic size of Krypton is larger than Bromine.
What is hydrogen bond? How does an intermolecular hydrogen bond differ from intramolecular hydrogen bond ?
Actually the hydrogen bond is simply a type of attraction which is caused by the the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and highly electronegative element like oxygen carbon nitrogen and fluorine. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding takes place between two molecules having hydrogen and electronegative element. Hydrogen is attracted by the electronegative element of another molecule for example
What is gold number ?
It is the amount of lyophilic sol required in milligrams to prevent the the coagulation of 10ml gold sol by the addition of 1 ml, 10% NaCl solution .
Why the electron affinity or electron gain enthalpy of Chlorine is higher than Fluorine ? Even if Fluorine is most electronegative element.
chlorine shows exceptionally higher electron gain enthalpy than that of florine.
What are Colligative properties ?
Actually the word co-ligative itself reveals that (“co” means each other and “ligative” means related) These are the properties which are related to each other. The colligative properties are those properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution or a mixture. “These properties don’t depend upon the nature of particles “.
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Hi, I’m Ankush Sharma. post graduate in chemistry and organic chemistry specialist
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