It states that for a solution of volatile components, the partial vapour pressure of each component is directly proportion to the mole fraction of the component in the solution.
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1. Paramagnetism :- This is the phenomenon by which substances are weekly attracted by the magnetic field. It arises because the substances are magnetized in the same direction of the applied magnetic field. This property is shown by the atom, ions or the molecules that contain unpaired electrons. 2. Ferromagnetism:- This is the phenomenon by
These are the elements that can act as a base as well as an acid. If they react with an acid , they behave as a base . And if they react with a base they behave as an acid . Oxides of aluminum and gallium are amphoteric in nature.
Calculate the radius of copper atom if it crystallise in face centred cubic lattice and has a density of 8.93 g / cm cube. Solution Structure given = fcc For fcc , Z = 4 Density , d = 8.93 Molar mass , M = 63.55 Avogadro number = 6.2×10^23 Use the given formula In
The elements belonging to Group 1 and group 2 of periodic table has the strong tendency to form cations. The reason behind this tendency is that the elements belonging to group 1 and 2 have one and two valance electrons respectively. By loosing the valence electrons, they will aquire noble gas configuration. It is easy
We can if we wish, Returning is never so tough, It’s not mandatory, But it’s a choice, You can say openly, Who suppress your voice, And decision you make, Are not of iron, or steel, You can break them whenever you feel, And life is not a movie, Where you can rewind the reel, The
In our eyes there are two kinds of special cells that help us to see. The rod cells enables us to see in dark and cone cells enable us to see in the ambient light . Rod cells create black and white images on retina. Cone cells create colored images. 1. Cone cells :- These
What are the characteristics of a lone pair? Characteristics of a lone pair Lone pair are the pair of electrons that do not take part in any chemical bond. They affect the symmetry of molecule or the shape of molecule as they interfere with the other electrons of the molecule . The electrons of lone
How are reactions related to chemical bonds? The type of bond has a great effect on the rate of reaction or speed of reaction. Here we are going to discuss why and how it happens, First of all in case of ionic compounds:- Lets take example of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid NaOH (aq) +
There is a trick in learning this reaction I will make it very easy for you to learn and rewrite. Firstly see the reaction:- Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Tricks to learn:– Firstly see the formula of carbonate its CO3 , this will be converted into CO2 , One oxygen of
This is a best example to share when we talk about chemical change, that the products have totally different properties from that of the reactants , from which they are made. Now coming to the answer, Formation of water is a highly exothermic type of reaction and a lot of energy is lost at the
There are two types of bonds that can be formed Either by sharing of electrons , that is covalent bond. Or 2. By transfer of electrons , that is ionic bond. Now the question is that , why to go for covalent bond? An important aspect of ionic bond is that the difference of electronegativity
In case of ionic compounds we have crystal lattice composed of ions. And there is a never ending pattern of ions and that made it difficult to calculate the molecular mass. Thus we used a simple method by taking the ratio of the ions and then adding their masses, like in case of NaCl ;
Here you can see the hybridization of both is same , both of these two elements have seven electrons in outermost shell and below is the diagram showing the electrons filled in s-subshell and p-subshell . one orbital of s- subshell and three orbitals of p-subshell are used during hybridisation. So the type of hybridization
Actually normality depends upon a simple formula that is :- Normality = Number of Gram equivalents / litre The term gram equivalents change as the valency of a substance changes . all the elements do not have same valence and hence it varies from element to element or molecule to molecule. And the term gram
The reaction between an acid and base to give salt and water is called neutralisation reaction. here in the following reaction we can easily see how Hydrochloric acid is reacting with sodium chloride NaOH + HCl ———> NaCl + H2O the nature of salt formed is dependent on the type of acid or base , if
Thomson’s model of an atom Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar to that of the Christmas pudding. Thomson proposed that An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and electrons are embedded into it. The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude so the atom as a whole is electrically
Dalton’s Atomic Theory In 1808 John Dalton published a new system of chemical philosophy in which he propose the following theory :- Matter consist of indivisible atoms. All the atoms of a given element have identical properties. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Chemical reactions only involve the
IN CASE OF TOLUENE the methyl group attached to the ring, increases the electron density at ortho and para positions by resonance without changing anything at the meta position. Thus the attacking reagent directly attacks at the electron rich site , thus the methyl group is ortho directing. you can easily understand the movement of
