What is Wurtz reaction?
It is the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium in the dry ether to give alkanes with higher number of carbon. 2R-X + 2 Na —> R-R +2NaX
What is Raoult’s law ?
It states that for a solution of volatile components, the partial vapour pressure of each component is directly proportion to the mole fraction of the component in the solution.
Semiconductor and its types.
The substances whose conductivity lies between 10-⁶ to 10⁴ ohm-¹ . The range lies between conductors and insulators. Types 1. n-type :- These type of semiconductors have excess electrons present […]
What is Coordination number
It is the number of lattice points touching one lattice point in a crystalline solid. For example in case of Sodium chloride it is 6 .
Explanation of Paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism .
1. Paramagnetism :- This is the phenomenon by which substances are weekly attracted by the magnetic field. It arises because the substances are magnetized in the same direction of the […]
What are Amphoteric elements?
These are the elements that can act as a base as well as an acid. If they react with an acid , they behave as a base . And if they react with a base they behave as an acid . Oxides of aluminum and gallium are amphoteric in nature.
How the eye accommodates to light ?
#accomodation #of #light In our day to day life we face various exposure to light. The intensity of rays vary from source to source some are intense and some are […]
What is aldol Condensation ?
Ald + ol Ald- Aldehyde ; ol – Alcohol. As the name suggests , this is a type of reaction which involve the formation of such a molecule which have “alcohol and aldehyde” functional groups.
Why the diastereomers of optically active compounds are optically inactive?
Firstly let us discuss what are optically active compounds? These are the compounds that rotate the plane of polarized light. Now Diastereomers are basically mirror images of two optically active compounds. They rotate the plane of polarized light, either to the left side or to the right. If they are present together, they cancel the effect of each other. As […]
What is the difference between molecular mass and formula mass?
In case of ionic compounds we have crystal lattice composed of ions. And there is a never ending pattern of ions and that made it difficult to calculate the molecular mass. Thus we used a simple method by taking the ratio of the ions and then adding their masses, like in case of NaCl ; 23 of Na + 35.5 […]
What are the characteristics of pure substances in points?
Here are the characteristics of pure substances They are composed of same kind of particles. Can not be solved into its components by physical method. Have characteristic melting and boiling points. All the particles or the bulk show similar chemical and physical behavior.
What is the difference between stereoisomers, optical isomers and enantiomers?
Stereoisomers :- These are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in the space. Optical isomers :- The compunds that have same molecular formula but they rotate the plane polarised light to the different side, right side-dextrorotatory and left levorotatory. Enantiomer :- These are the compounds that are mirror images of each other and if […]
What is a racemic mixture?
On the basis of Optical activity the compounds or isomers can be classified into two types:- Those rotate the plane polarised light towards right called the dextro rotatory compounds. Those rotate the plane polarised light towards left are called Laevo rotatory compounds. The equimolar composition of the above two isomers is called racemic mixture.
What will be the volume of water when it is heated from 0 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius?
According to CHARLES LAW “At constant pressure, The volume of a given mass of a gas increases or decreses by 1/273 of its volume at 0 ͦ degree C for every one degree centigrade rise or fall in temperature”. Vol at 10 = vol at zero + 10 x vol at zero/273
How does the normality of a mixture equation change for different solutes?
Actually normality depends upon a simple formula that is :- Normality = Number of Gram equivalents / litre The term gram equivalents change as the valency of a substance changes . all the elements do not have same valence and hence it varies from element to element or molecule to molecule. And the term gram equivalents is calculated as follows […]
What is a chemical bond ?
Chemical bond may be defined as the force of attraction by which two atoms are held together. The chemical bonds lead to the formation of molecules and crystals. There are […]
Terms related to mass
Atomic mass Atomic mass of an element is the relative mass as compared with an atom of carbon 12 and it is expressed in AMU. A.M.U. AMU is the Atomic mass unit and it is defined as the mass equal to 1 by 12th of the mass of carbon 12 isotope. 1 amu = 1.66056x 10-24 Molecular mass It is […]
Atomic models
Thomson’s model of an atom Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar to that of the Christmas pudding. Thomson proposed that An atom consists of a positively […]
A Short intro to acid, base and indicators.
Acid base and salts Acids:- these are the substances that Are sour in taste. Turn blue litmus red. Give H+ ions. Can accept a pair of electrons. Base :- These are the substances that Are bitter in taste. Turn red litmus blue. Soapy in touch. Give OH– ions. How to recognise the acid and bases? To answer this question lets […]
The second electron affinity of oxygen is positive, what does that mean?
Electron affinity is the amount of energy change during the addition of an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. It can be positive as well as negative. Negative electron affinity means that the energy is released during the addition of electron. Which is a favorable condition for gaining an electron. But positive value means that we have to supply the […]
