Stobbe reaction and its Mechanism
It is a type of condensation reaction that involves the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with succinic ester in the presence of sodium ethoxide or Potassium ethoxide to yield […]
What are isoelectric species? And What determines the difference in the size of atoms or ions if they are isoelectronic ?
the atoms having same number of electrons, irrespective of atomic number or size or charge.
How many lone pairs of electrons are on the S atom in sulphur tetra floride (SF4) ?
In case of SF4 there are 6 electrons in the outermost shell of Sulphur, out of these 6 electrons, 4 are utilized in bonding with fluorine and thus two unshared […]
What is hydrogen bond? How does an intermolecular hydrogen bond differ from intramolecular hydrogen bond ?
Actually the hydrogen bond is simply a type of attraction which is caused by the the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and highly electronegative element like oxygen carbon nitrogen and fluorine. […]
What is gold number ?
It is the amount of lyophilic sol required in milligrams to prevent the the coagulation of 10ml gold sol by the addition of 1 ml, 10% NaCl solution .
What are Colligative properties ?
Actually the word co-ligative itself reveals that (“co” means each other and “ligative” means related) These are the properties which are related to each other. The colligative properties are those properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution or a mixture. “These properties don’t depend upon the nature of particles “. Following are the colligative properties:- […]
Why is carbon important for forming complicated molecules? Or why carbon makes a large number of molecules ?
The answer to this question is very simple . There are two major reasons behind it. 1. Catenation :- It is the property by which the carbon can make long chains, branched chains and ring or cylic structural by joining with its own atoms. Due to this it can make a variety of molecules. 2. Tetravalency :- carbon has 4 […]
Why H3PO3 is a diprotic acid? Give reason with structure .
Meaning of diprotic acid is that , it can loose two hydronium ions (H+) . For finding how many H+ ions it can give , we have to see its […]
What is the structure of XeOF4 and XeO3 ?
The structure of XeOF4 is square pyramidal. And its hybridization is sp³d² The structure of XeO3 is pyramidal and its hybridization is sp³.
What is Wurtz reaction?
It is the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium in the dry ether to give alkanes with higher number of carbon. 2R-X + 2 Na —> R-R +2NaX
Preparation of chlorobenzene – Sandmeyer’s reaction
Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene can be prepared by treating bezenediazonium chloride with cuprous chloride or cuprous bromide. This reaction is also called Sandmeyer’s reaction.
Why sigma bond is stronger than pi bond?
Actually the sigma bond involves head to head overlapping of orbitals, due to which the overlapping takes place on a larger extent. That makes the bond more stronger as compared to pie bond. In pie bond there is a sidewise overlapping of orbitals which leads to lesser extent of overlapping and thus the bond formed is not so strong as […]
What is Raoult’s law ?
It states that for a solution of volatile components, the partial vapour pressure of each component is directly proportion to the mole fraction of the component in the solution.
What are the factors that affect Vapour Pressure?
1.Temperature :- With increase in temperature the rate of vaporization also increase thus it creates more pressure. Moreover with increase in temperature the kinetic energy of the vapours also increase. […]
Semiconductor and its types.
The substances whose conductivity lies between 10-⁶ to 10⁴ ohm-¹ . The range lies between conductors and insulators. Types 1. n-type :- These type of semiconductors have excess electrons present […]
What is Coordination number
It is the number of lattice points touching one lattice point in a crystalline solid. For example in case of Sodium chloride it is 6 .
Explanation of Paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism and antiferromagnetism .
1. Paramagnetism :- This is the phenomenon by which substances are weekly attracted by the magnetic field. It arises because the substances are magnetized in the same direction of the […]
What are Amphoteric elements?
These are the elements that can act as a base as well as an acid. If they react with an acid , they behave as a base . And if they react with a base they behave as an acid . Oxides of aluminum and gallium are amphoteric in nature.
Explanation of Schottky defect, Frankel defect, Interstitial defect and F-centres.
1. Schottky defect:- In this kind 9f defect equal number of cations and anions are missing from the crystal lattice. Due to this the vacant sites or the holes are present in the lattice. This kind of defect is present in the ionic compounds with high coordination number and equal size of ions. Density of the crystal lattice decreases due […]
Some important terms
1. Co-ordination number Number of spheres touching one Sphere in a close packed structure is called co-ordination number of a lattice 2. Unit cell The smallest repeating pattern in a […]
How the eye accommodates to light ?
#accomodation #of #light In our day to day life we face various exposure to light. The intensity of rays vary from source to source some are intense and some are […]
What is aldol Condensation ?
Ald + ol Ald- Aldehyde ; ol – Alcohol. As the name suggests , this is a type of reaction which involve the formation of such a molecule which have “alcohol and aldehyde” functional groups.
