Tag Archives: what

How the eye accommodates  to light ?

#accomodation #of #light In our day to day life we face various exposure to light. The intensity of rays vary from source to source some are intense and some are very low. Here i am going to share about the working of Iris of eye. Iris is basically like the shutter of cameras, it adjustsContinue reading “How the eye accommodates  to light ?”

What is aldol Condensation ?

Ald + ol Ald- Aldehyde ; ol – Alcohol. As the name suggests , this is a type of reaction which involve the formation of such a molecule which have “alcohol and aldehyde” functional groups.

What is a Covalent bond ? / how a covalent bond is formed ?

This is the bond formed by mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms. The sharing between two atoms allow each atom to have a noble gas like a configuration. Single Double,triple ,covalent bonds. Single Covalent bond This kind of bond is formed by sharing of only one pair of electrons between the two atoms likeContinue reading “What is a Covalent bond ? / how a covalent bond is formed ?”

What are the Characteristics of a lone pair ?

What are the characteristics of a lone pair? Characteristics of a lone pair Lone pair are the pair of electrons that do not take part in any chemical bond. They affect the symmetry of molecule or the shape of molecule as they interfere with the other electrons of the molecule . The electrons of loneContinue reading “What are the Characteristics of a lone pair ?”

Graphite and Diamond

If diamond and graphite are made of carbon, then why do they look different, and why is diamond harder than graphite? Diamond and graphite are two allotropic forms of Carbon. But still these are very different from one another. 1 Diamond :- In this case each carbon is surrounded by other four carbon atoms inContinue reading “Graphite and Diamond”

[SiF6]2- exist but [CF6]2- does not, why?

A nice question both silicon and carbon belong to group 14 and have 4 electrons in the outermost shell. Their general valency is 4 , but silicon and other elements show higher oxidation states also. Only carbon is the element in group 14 elements that do not have vacant d-orbital. All other elements like siliconContinue reading “[SiF6]2- exist but [CF6]2- does not, why?”

What are the Banana Bonds?

What is a ”three centre two electron bond”? These are the type of covalent bonds in which overlapping of orbitals of three atoms take place but sharing only two electrons. These type of bonds that are found in electron deficient molecules. for example in case of BF3 , the molecule exists as a dimer thatContinue reading “What are the Banana Bonds?”

Azeotropes

What are azetopes? Azeotropes are the constent boiling mixtures or solutions. it means that these mixtures can not be separated by simple distillation or boiling , because they will have the same composition of mixture even in the vapour state. for example as in case of mixture of nitric acid and water, the highest attainedContinue reading “Azeotropes”

What is the surface tension?

At surface of a liquid will their will be no forces (forces by molecules) acting on molecules in opposite directions such that the net force between molecules (only at surface) will be zero? If exists how surface area of a liquid contracts? In the light of above concept let me explain a simple thing thatContinue reading “What is the surface tension?”

Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?

See the ion is a proper charged particle, but dipole is a neutral olecule  which is having polarity in it . the dipole is having temporary charge where as the ion is having a permanent charge. Now lets see the cases Case 1  :-   Ion – dipole attraction Here a permanent ion is attracting aContinue reading “Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?”

What are some of the most efficient methods of preventing rusting?

Here are the five ways:- Paint the surface of metal. Oil the surface of metal or keep it covered with grease. Electroplating it with a less reactive metal will keep it safe. Galvanisation that is covering it with Zinc metal it is also called sacrificial protection. Making it cathode, most of the underground pipes areContinue reading “What are some of the most efficient methods of preventing rusting?”

Why does a covalent bond not form a crystal lattice?

Covalent bond and ionic bond has a very basic difference that is presence of ions or not. The ionic bonds are not limited to one ion only, actually they keep on joining again and again because they are held together by basically the electrostatic forces, due to the oppositely charged ions. lets take example ofContinue reading “Why does a covalent bond not form a crystal lattice?”

What is an electrophile?

See electrophile word is made up by the joining of two words “electro+phile. Electro means the “electron “ and phile means “loving” in short the electrophile is electron loving specie or attacking reagent that attacks only on the part of molecule with high electron density. For example :- H+ , H3O+ , NH4+   and BF3Continue reading “What is an electrophile?”

Why the diastereomers of optically active compounds are optically inactive?

Firstly let us discuss what are optically active compounds? These are the compounds that rotate the plane of polarized light. Now Diastereomers are basically mirror images of two optically active compounds. They rotate the plane of polarized light, either to the left side or to the right. If they are present together, they cancel theContinue reading “Why the diastereomers of optically active compounds are optically inactive?”

What is the difference between molecular mass and formula mass?

In case of ionic compounds we have crystal lattice composed of ions. And there is a never ending pattern of ions and that made it difficult to calculate the molecular mass. Thus we used a simple method by taking the ratio of the ions and then adding their masses, like in case of NaCl ;Continue reading “What is the difference between molecular mass and formula mass?”

What are the characteristics of pure substances in points?

Here are the characteristics of pure substances They are composed of same kind of particles. Can not be solved into its components by physical method. Have characteristic melting and boiling points. All the particles or the bulk show similar chemical and physical behavior.

What is the difference between stereoisomers, optical isomers and enantiomers?

Stereoisomers :- These are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in the space. Optical isomers :- The compunds that have same molecular formula but they rotate the plane polarised light to the different side, right side-dextrorotatory and left levorotatory. Enantiomer :- These are the compounds that are mirror imagesContinue reading “What is the difference between stereoisomers, optical isomers and enantiomers?”

What is a racemic mixture?

On the basis of Optical activity the compounds or isomers can be classified into two types:- Those rotate the plane polarised light towards right called the dextro rotatory compounds. Those rotate the plane polarised light towards left are called Laevo rotatory compounds. The equimolar composition of the above two isomers is called racemic mixture.

What is the hybridisation of Cl2? Is it different from the hybridisation of F2 molecules?

Here you can see the hybridization of both is same , both of these two elements have seven electrons in outermost shell and below is the diagram showing the electrons filled in s-subshell and p-subshell . one orbital of s- subshell and three orbitals of p-subshell are used during hybridisation. So the type of hybridizationContinue reading “What is the hybridisation of Cl2? Is it different from the hybridisation of F2 molecules?”

What will be the volume of water when it is heated from 0 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius?

According to CHARLES LAW “At constant pressure, The volume of a given mass of a gas increases or decreses by 1/273 of its volume at 0 ͦ  degree C for every one degree centigrade rise or fall in temperature”. Vol at 10 = vol at zero + 10 x vol at zero/273

What is a chemical bond ?

Chemical bond may be defined as the force of attraction by which two atoms are held together. The chemical bonds lead to the formation of molecules and crystals. There are various kind of bonding that we see around us. Covalent bond A covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons between two atoms. ForContinue reading “What is a chemical bond ?”

Terms related to mass

Atomic mass Atomic mass of an element is the relative mass as compared with an atom of carbon 12 and it is expressed in AMU. A.M.U. AMU is the Atomic mass unit and it is defined as the mass equal to 1 by 12th of the mass of carbon 12 isotope. 1 amu = 1.66056xContinue reading “Terms related to mass”