When an atom looses an electron , we get a positively charged atom or ion, which is called “Cation”. Na —–>1electron + Na¹+
It is the sulphuric acid that is known as the king of chemicals. This title is given to sulphuric acid because the industrial growth of a nation is assessed on the basis of production and use of sulphuric acid.
Reimer tiemann reaction is an ideal reaction for the preparation of aldehydes.
here in this reaction the benzene reacts with phosgene , the both of chlorine atoms of phosgene are lost with H-atoms from both benzene molecules , and carbonyl group forms bond with both of the benzene molecules , giving rise to the Benzophenone. This is an important reaction in the synthesis of ketones only.
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Here in this type of reaction the Copper is used as a catalyst and temperature of reaction is maintained at 573 kelvin. Primary alcohols give aldehydes and secondary alcohols give Ketones.
The oxidation of alcohols is an important reaction , the primary alcohols give aldehydes whereas the secondary alcohols give ketones. the reactions are as follows.
In case of aromatic acids the “COOH” group being electron withdrawing in nature , decreases the electron density on the ring. the meta position is least affected by the electron withdrawing group and thus the electron density is higher than other resonating structures. thus the substitution reactions give meta products.
Various carboxylic acids react with ammonia to give an ammonium salt which further give amid on dehydration. The phthalamide synthesized by this method is a starting point for various reactions used in chemical industries.
It is the splitting of spectral lines in hydrogen spectra due to the effect of external magnetic field .
