Aldol Condensation
Ald + ol Ald- Aldehyde ; ol – Alcohol. As the name suggests , this is a type of reaction which involve the formation of such a molecule which have “alcohol and aldehyde” functional groups.
Perkin reaction
Perkin reaction This reaction is used in the synthesis of β-aryl-acrylic acid. This reaction is mostly used for the prepration of cinnamic acid. Coumerin, a flavouring agent is also prepared by this method.
Fries rearrangement
How can I calculate the number of carbon atoms in 10 gm of sugar?
for this you have to see the molecule of sugar. and calculate number of moles. The formula of sugar , sucrose C12H22O11 , molar mass = 342 According to above […]
How in copper sulphate electrolysis with copper metal (electrode) the number of Cu+2 ions oxidised are to the one reduced?
in this case one of the electrode is of copper, and this copper electrode is taken as anode. so the oxidation takes place here. The half reaction taking place on anode – Oxidation Cu → Cu2+ + 2e – Similarly on cathode side reduction takes place as follows Cu2+ + 2e – → Cu
What is the inert pair effect?
This is the which arise due to the inability of inner electrons to take part in the chemical reactions. For example in case of group 15 we have Phosphorus, Arsenic , Tin and Bismuth. They all show the oxidation states of +3 and +5, but as we move down the group we will see that the +3 oxidation state becomes […]
Why does phosphorus form P4 exists but P2 do not exists?
The P2 molecule of phosphorus is not found because of the larger size of the phosphorus atom. The phosphorus is so larger that the p-orbitals which are required to overlapp […]
Why is breaking of C-H bond given more preference over C-C bond though the bond energy of the latter is less than the first one?
In case of hydrocarbons , the c-c bond is normally safe due to following two reasons :- Difference between the electronegativity of Carbon and Hydrogen. Due to this reason the electrons of the shared pair stays closer to the C-atom which makes it easy to break the C-H bond and release hydrogen as hydronium ion H+ . 2. The carbon […]
Types of covalent bonds
On the basis of polarity , the covalent bonds can be of two types :- 1 Nonpolar covalent bond When covalent bond is formed between two similar atoms for example between hydrogen and hydrogen H2, between oxygen oxygen O2, between chlorine chlorine Cl2 , the shared pair of electrons is attracted by both atoms with an equal force so there […]
Characteristics of a lone pair
What are the characteristics of a lone pair? Characteristics of a lone pair Lone pair are the pair of electrons that do not take part in any chemical bond. They affect the symmetry of molecule or the shape of molecule as they interfere with the other electrons of the molecule . The electrons of lone pair repel the other bond […]
Graphite and Diamond
If diamond and graphite are made of carbon, then why do they look different, and why is diamond harder than graphite? Diamond and graphite are two allotropic forms of Carbon. […]
SiF6]2- exist but [CF6]2- does not, why?
A nice question both silicon and carbon belong to group 14 and have 4 electrons in the outermost shell. Their general valency is 4 , but silicon and other elements […]
WHY THE IONIC REACTIONS ARE FASTER?
How are reactions related to chemical bonds? The type of bond has a great effect on the rate of reaction or speed of reaction. Here we are going to discuss why and how it happens, First of all in case of ionic compounds:- Lets take example of Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl + […]
Why is an ionic bond not double or triple like a covalent bond?
To understand this we have to go in depth , that how the ionic bond is formed? Ionic bond is a bond basically formed due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction which is totally different from the covalent bond. Ionic bond is formed between atoms with very different ionisation energy and electron affinity. This situation allows one atom to transfer […]
Differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
In our daily life we come across different kind of particles, some look alike and some we know by common names. tody we are going to arrange almost all the particles around us. Elements :- it is the purest form of matter which has only one kind of atoms. There are 118 elements known till today. For example :- Iron, […]
Nature of ammonium compounds
(NH4)2S , it is basically an ionic compound . (NH4)2S → 2NH4+ + S2-
