Category: chemistry

The alkane on treatment with chromium oxide , 773 kelvin temprature and 10 to 20 atmospheric pressure gives the aromatic compound. As in the following reaction we can get the toluene.

The aromatisation of alkanes can be carried out under rigorous conditions. N-hexane can be converted into benzene, under the high condition of pressure that is 10 to 20 atmospheric pressure and temprature nearly 773 kelvin. Firstly we will get cyclohexane, on further dehydrogenation we get the benzene as shown below.

The Alkanes show isomerisation reactions in which one isomer is converted to another isomer under certain conditions. We can convert the Butane into isobutane by treating it with Aluminium chloride and Hydrochloric acid at 573 kelvin temprature.

The catalytic oxidation of alkanes leads to the formation of alcohols , aldehydes and carboxylic acids under various conditions . The detailed reactions are as follows :- 1. Prepration of alcohol on reaction with oxygen in the red hot copper tube. 2. Preparation of aldehyde This reaction takes place in the presence of Molybodinum trioxide.

The oxidation of alkanes is of two types 1 . Complete oxidation or combustion 2. Incomplete combustion 3. Reaction with steam 4. Catalytic oxidation These reactions can be seen in the given link

The n-hexane or alkanes give the following reaction on reacting with Sulphuric acid. The above reaction is also known as the sulphonation of alkanes.

This kind of reactions involve the formation of free radical intermediates. Following are the steps of mechanism :- Step 1 :- Chain initiation In this step the bond in halide molecule breaks by a homolytic cleavage . And this leads to the formation of free radicals. Step 2 :- Chain propagation In this step the

It is a kind of substitution reaction. Where the halide replaces a hydrogen atom from the alkane and form haloalkane.

Following are their configurations :-

In case of these elements the d-subshell is completely filled in their neutral as well as in their common oxidation states. Thus these elements don’t react or behave like the members of d-subshell.

Let’s see the detail behind this 1. In case of Chromium In case of Chromium, its configuration is d⁶ , after loosing an electron it attains the d⁵ configuration. Now this configuration has half filled d orbital which makes it stable thus we will need more energy. 2. In case of copper Now in this

The compounds having ligands of pie acceptor character in addition to the sigma bonding, show very low oxidation states. For example CO and NO.

It is as follows :- Where the n = number of unpaired electrons

Vanadium pentaoxide is used in the contact process of production of sulphuric acid.

Finely divided iron is used in the Haber’s process.

It is used in the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes.

The compounds formed by the trapping of small atoms like H, C and N in the interstitial space of the crystal lattice of metals.

Iron (III) acts as the catalyst in reaction between iodide and per sulphate ions.

It is the bronze , which is made by mixing of Copper and Tin.

Here are the structures of chromate and dichromate.

On heating it gives the following reaction.