Nature of ammonium compounds
(NH4)2S , it is basically an ionic compound . (NH4)2S → 2NH4+ + S2-
Standard reduction potentials of various elements.
Here are the standard electrode potentials of elements .
Which type of radius is formed by metalloid (a). Covalent radius (b).ionic radius (c).vander waal radius (d). Metallic radius?
see lets solve it in a reverse order :- (d) metallic radius is only in case of metals, not in any other. so it is not the answer. (c) Vander waals radius is only in case of noble gases. so this also not the answer. (b) For ionic radius there should be the electronegativity difference of at least 2. This […]
Azeotropes
What are azetopes? Azeotropes are the constent boiling mixtures or solutions. it means that these mixtures can not be separated by simple distillation or boiling , because they will have the same composition of mixture even in the vapour state. for example as in case of mixture of nitric acid and water, the highest attained concentration of the nitric acid […]
Bond angles of PF3 and PCl3
In case of PF3 the size of F is small and thus it approaches near to the central atom that is P. as it approaches near to P there comes the repulsion between the bond pairs, which widens the bond angle and makes it larger than in case of PCl3. Here two types of forces are deployed Bond pair – […]
The surface tension.
At surface of a liquid will their will be no forces (forces by molecules) acting on molecules in opposite directions such that the net force between molecules (only at surface) […]
What are the tricks to learn reaction of sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid?
There is a trick in learning this reaction I will make it very easy for you to learn and rewrite. Firstly see the reaction:- Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Tricks to learn:– Firstly see the formula of carbonate its CO3 , this will be converted into CO2 , One oxygen of CO3 will attach to two […]
How does phosphorus form 5 covalent bonds?
The number of valence electrons in phosphorus is generally 5 and it requires 3 more electrons to complete its octet. but it has an empty d-sub shell in which its electrons can excite and increase its valency from 3 to 5. in the above picture you can easily understand in case of phosphorus , the electron from s-subshell jumps to […]
Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?
See the ion is a proper charged particle, but dipole is a neutral olecule which is having polarity in it . the dipole is having temporary charge where as the […]
What are some of the most efficient methods of preventing rusting?
Here are the five ways:- Paint the surface of metal. Oil the surface of metal or keep it covered with grease. Electroplating it with a less reactive metal will keep it safe. Galvanisation that is covering it with Zinc metal it is also called sacrificial protection. Making it cathode, most of the underground pipes are kept safe by connecting them […]
Why does a covalent bond not form a crystal lattice?
Covalent bond and ionic bond has a very basic difference that is presence of ions or not. The ionic bonds are not limited to one ion only, actually they keep on joining again and again because they are held together by basically the electrostatic forces, due to the oppositely charged ions. lets take example of NaCl molecule. The positively charged […]
What is the reason for Zn having a lower reduction capacity than Na, Mg, and Zn?
The reduction potential of a substance depends upon the ease with which an atom can release electrons. Or can loose electrons. Here in these examples Na readily looses electron , and it is the element which easily donates or releases electrons among all it can easily give electrons to reduce other atom. Mg comes on the second position to give […]
Which of these are the strongest and the weakest bonds, ionic, metallic, or covalent bond?
Ionic bonds are considered to be the most strongest bond as it involves the electrostatic attraction , which is the strongest force. Second comes the metallic bond which is a type of multiple bond.
Is Br2 an ionic or a covalent bond?
Br2 is a homoatomic molecule, a molecule with same kind of atoms. So here the electronegativity of both the atoms is same so the shared pair is equally attracted by the two atoms. There is not a chance of transfer of electrons from one atom to another. And thus they go for sharing of electrons only to satisfy their valencies. […]
Covalent bonds versus ionic bonds.
There are two types of bonds that can be formed Either by sharing of electrons , that is covalent bond. Or 2. By transfer of electrons , that is ionic bond. Now the question is that , why to go for covalent bond? An important aspect of ionic bond is that the difference of electronegativity between the two elements must […]
What is an electrophile?
See electrophile word is made up by the joining of two words “electro+phile. Electro means the “electron “ and phile means “loving” in short the electrophile is electron loving specie or attacking reagent that attacks only on the part of molecule with high electron density. For example :- H+ , H3O+ , NH4+ and BF3 etc
How is the total valency of any compound zero?
Total valency of a compound is zero. Before starting the topic lets talk about valency. Valency is the combining capacity of an atom or element. Now if the element is having a valency = 2, It means it can make two bonds, Now if two bonds are made, will it have a capacity to join further? No, it can’t make […]
Why is a Cl-Cl bond stronger than an F-F bond?
This is due to the following two major reasons :- The fluorine atoms are very small in size . The florine element is having the highest electronegativity. Due to these two reasons the florine atoms are so near after the F-F bonding that the start repelling each other due to higher electron desity, which makes it easy to break the […]
Are diastereomers of optically active compounds, optically inactive?
Firstly let us discuss what are optically active compounds? These are the compounds that rotate the plane of polarized light. Now Diastereomers are basically mirror images of two optically active compounds. They rotate the plane of polarized light, either to the left side or to the right. If they are present together, they cancel the effect of each other. As […]
What is the difference between molecular mass and formula mass?
In case of ionic compounds we have crystal lattice composed of ions. And there is a never ending pattern of ions and that made it difficult to calculate the molecular mass. Thus we used a simple method by taking the ratio of the ions and then adding their masses, like in case of NaCl ; 23 of Na + 35.5 […]
What are the characteristics of pure substances in points?
Here are the characteristics of pure substances They are composed of same kind of particles. Can not be solved into its components by physical method. Have characteristic melting and boiling points. All the particles or the bulk show similar chemical and physical behavior.
What is the difference between stereoisomers, optical isomers and enantiomers?
Stereoisomers :- These are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in the space. Optical isomers :- The compunds that have same molecular formula but they rotate the plane polarised light to the different side, right side-dextrorotatory and left levorotatory. Enantiomer :- These are the compounds that are mirror images of each other and if […]
What is a racemic mixture?
On the basis of Optical activity the compounds or isomers can be classified into two types:- Those rotate the plane polarised light towards right called the dextro rotatory compounds. Those rotate the plane polarised light towards left are called Laevo rotatory compounds. The equimolar composition of the above two isomers is called racemic mixture.
