It is a type of condensation reaction that involves the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with succinic ester in the presence of sodium ethoxide or Potassium ethoxide to yield unsaturated ester acid .
The complete reaction is as below.
The mechanism involves 3 steps , and firstly the succinate is treated with base to give the following resonance stabilized hybrid. A carboanion is formed firstly.
Step : I
Step 1 involves the condensation of carbanion and ketone.
Step : II
Step 2 shows a rearrangement and intramolecular cyclization to give a lactone-ester.
Step : III
The ring opening takes place to give the unsaturated ester acid.
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